适用于UTXO模型定长存储的轻节点研究-《计算机技术与发展》

文章信息/Info

Title:: Research on Lightweight Nodes with Fixed-length Storage Based on UTXO Model

Author(s):: LIU Rui-jia; LI Min; School of Computer Science and Technology,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China

Keywords:: UTXO; RSA accumulator; STXO commitment; TXO commitment; Stateless blockchain

摘要:: 当前基于 UTXO 的区块链要求节点保留整个不断增长的 UTXO 集以验证交易,这对存储资源受限的设备构成了挑战,使网络趋向集中化。无状态区块链技术能通过累加器将庞大的 UTXO 集合组合成一个短且恒定大小的承诺,但交易处理中动态删除集合元素所需的计算开销巨大,且部分轻节点不支持提交交易功能。该文提出了一种适用于 UTXO 模型的定长存储的轻节点,该轻节点在恒定存储容量的条件下既能验证交易的合法性,也能提交交易。该方案使用了仅支持元素添加操作的两个数据结构替代 UTXO 集合:STXO 集合和 TXO 集合。有效的 UTXO 属于 TXO 集合但不在 STXO 集合内。通过 RSA 累加器和 MMR 分别构建新的STXO承诺和 TXO 承诺。轻节点只需保存最新的块承诺并与全节点交互,在降低存储开销的同时实现交易的合法性验证和提交。评估结果表明:轻节点能定长存储;轻节点仅需较低的计算负载即可实现交易验证;全节点在承诺更新过程展现了优化的性能。

Abstract:: The current blockchain based on the UTXO model requires nodes to retain the entire and ever - growing UTXO set for transaction verification, posing challenges to devices with limited storage resources and leading to network centralization. Stateless blockchain technology can combine the massive UTXO set into a short and fixed-size commitment through accumulators,but the compu-tational overhead required for dynamically deleting set elements during transaction processing is immense,and some lightweight nodes do not support transaction submission. We propose a lightweight node with fixed-length storage suitable for the UTXO model,which can both verify the validity of transactions and submit transactions under constant storage capacity. This scheme utilizes two data structures that support only element addition operations to replace the UTXO set:the STXO set and the TXO set. Valid UTXOs belong to the TXO set but not the STXO set. New STXO and TXO commitments are constructed using RSA accumulators and MMR, respectively.Lightweight nodes only need to store the latest block commitments and interact with full nodes,achieving transaction validity verification and submission while reducing storage overhead. Evaluation results show that lightweight nodes can achieve fixed - length storage; lightweight nodes can verify transactions with low computational load; full nodes exhibit optimized performance during commitment updating processes.